Для наблюдения за основными характеристиками жестких дисков, используем встроенный аппаратный механизм самодиагностики жестких дисков - S.M.A.R.T. Портом, отображающим состояние SMART-атрибутов, во FreBSD, является порт smartmontools. Так же порт умеет наблюдать за состояние SMART-атрибутов, задавать условия проверки диапазонов значений этих атрибутов, выходя из которых будут производиться записи в лог и/или отправлять сообщение по электронной почте.
Установка smartmontools.
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/smartmontools # make config
Опции у порта отсутствуют, продолжаем установку.
# make install clean
Ждем окончания установки порта.
Настройка smartmontools.
Проверяем возможность и состояние параметра SMART:
# atacontrol cap ad0
Protocol SATA revision 2.x device model WDC WD2500JS-00NCB1 serial number WD-WCANK7982787 firmware revision 10.02E02 cylinders 16383 heads 16 sectors/track 63 lba supported 268435455 sectors lba48 supported 488395055 sectors dma supported overlap not supported Feature Support Enable Value Vendor write cache yes yes read ahead yes yes Native Command Queuing (NCQ) yes - 31/0x1F Tagged Command Queuing (TCQ) no no 31/0x1F SMART yes yes microcode download yes yes security yes no power management yes yes advanced power management no no 0/0x00 automatic acoustic management yes no 254/0xFE 128/0x80
Запускаем утилиту smartctl:
# /usr/local/sbin/smartctl -a /dev/ad0
smartctl 5.39.1 2010-01-28 r3054 [FreeBSD 8.1-RELEASE i386] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-10 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Caviar SE Serial ATA family
Device Model: WDC WD2500JS-00NCB1
Serial Number: WD-WCANK7982787
Firmware Version: 10.02E02
User Capacity: 250,058,268,160 bytes
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: 7
ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated
Local Time is: Thu Oct 28 15:33:42 2010 MSD
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
See vendor-specific Attribute list for marginal Attributes.
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x84) Offline data collection activity
was suspended by an interrupting command from host.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (7680) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 90) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 6) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x103f) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 222 187 021 Pre-fail Always - 3891
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 1029
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 093 093 000 Old_age Always - 5804
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0012 100 100 051 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 1025
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 057 033 045 Old_age Always In_the_past 43
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 107 083 000 Old_age Always - 43
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0009 200 200 051 Pre-fail Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
Создаем рабочий файл конфигурации:
# touch /usr/local/etc/smartd.conf
Внимательно читая man smartd.conf редактируем данный файл. У меня получился следующего содержания:
/dev/ad0 -a -I 194 -W 4,45,55 -R 5 -m admin@home.local -o on -S on -s (S/../.././02|L/../../6/03)
Настройка системы.
Добавляем строки для автозапуска smartd в /etc/rc.conf:
smartd_enable="YES"
Создаем файл где куда будут записывать логи smartd
# touch /var/log/smartd.log
Даем права только root для чтения и записи в /var/log/smartd.log
# chmod 600 /var/log/smartd.log
Добавляем строки для того что бы можно было смотреть логи smartd в /etc/syslog.conf:
!smartd *.* /var/log/smartd.log
Перезапускаем syslogd
# /etc/rc.d/syslogd reload
Настраиваем ротацию лога smartd в /etc/newsyslog.conf:
/var/log/smartd.log 600 7 100 * JC
Перезапускаем newsyslog
# /etc/rc.d/newsyslog restart
Запускаем монитор:
# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/smartd
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